The
type and any type of insurance, essentially departed from the principle
of cooperation (cooperation) and help each other (mutuality), which is
actually in line with Islamic principles. The
principle of cooperation and mutual assistance in the insurance
operations is translated as an agreement between the insurer (insurance
company) and insured (insurance participants) with the insurer receives
premiums from the insured to obtain coverage manakal insured loss,
damage or loss caused by events yan uncertain and without deliberate; or underwriter to provide a payment based on a person's life or death.
Insurance operations according to the pattern so, based on akadnya can be categorized as an exchange (raqad mu'awadhah), like buying and selling. Insurer (insurance company) guarantees or insurance coverage to the insured and to the insured (insurance participants) pay the premiums. Large pertangungan and premium as well as the treaty agreed to by both parties.
Exchange in this way in the view of Islam is flawed form of uncertainty or gharar, because resting on uncertain events. Dual-purpose products for example, participants are obliged to pay (repay) the premium if the participants live during the agreement to get the sum assured amount is determined. The uncertainty in this example is the amount of premiums paid, because payment of these premiums was based on life or death of a participant in the agreement. In contrast to term insurance products, the uncertainty lies in the amount of coverage that will be received by the insured.
Furthermore, transactions that contain this kind of uncertainty can be detrimental to either party, which is generally the most disadvantaged pesertalah. Parties to the participants or their heirs can receive the sum insured is greater or smaller than the premium paid or did not receive the sum assured at all. In other words, an insured is identical to chance, which in the terminology of Islamic jurisprudence called maysir. In other cases, if the participant stopped before the agreement ends, especially in the early period of the agreement, in general, participants did not get a refund of premiums paid (charred), or get a refund in the amount yag is very small compared to the premiums have been paid. Most of the premium funds received by the company then invested. In this regard, the contract does not require the exchange of clarity in the allocation of premium funds, because fund premiums have been paid by pesera, company-owned status.
Thus the company can invest the premium it anywhere and in any way, including in the areas of business that contains elements of immoral or prohibited by the Shari'a (usury, liquor, pornography, etc.). If the fund premiums and investment results into the source of the sum insured, then the participants who received the sum insured is unable to refrain from consuming usury funds or funds from any other immoral business.
Takaful
The noble teachings of Islam commands us to sympathize people who lost property, death of relatives, and other calamities. Such action is a form of awareness and solidarity (itsar), as well as mutual assistance (ta'awun) among citizens, both Muslims and non-Muslims. In this way a sense of brotherhood (ukhuwah) will be more robust. Those who are not afflicted with calamity stricken grief that drag on and not fall into despair, even to avoid the possibility of living in impoverished or lose the future. But the ways helpful and even then should be in line with sharia (QS 42: 13). Should not contain gharar (uncertainty), maysir (chancy), usury, and other things that are immoral. Premises other words, ta'awun be placed on the values of devotion to virtue, and not a violation of sharia law that could lead to conflict or hostility. This is as God's command in Surah Al-Maidah: 2: "Mutual help menolonglah you in righteousness and piety, and do not you guys mutual assistance to each other in sin and enmity"
Takaful is an alternative system, to be exact replacement, for patterns that apply to conventional insurance or contract of exchange systems that are not in line with Islamic Shari'a. In Islamic insurance system, each participant intends mutual assistance to each other by setting aside some funds as a contribution virtue (tabarru '). Funds were used to sympathize anyone among participants who experienced disaster insurance. So it's not in the form of an exchange contract dianatara two parties, but a mutual agreement for mutual assistance (takaafuli) among all participants.
All funds collected premiums for investments managed by the company, re-insurance, distribution of insurance benefits, and distribution of operating surplus. For all these management services, the company asked for contributions of participants whose number must be approved by the participants, as well as part of the operating surplus as agreed with the company's percentage of participants who nisbahnya set from the beginning.
Solidarity, Transparency, and Consistency
Takaful is a phenomenon unique phenomenon (al-ghuraba) in the middle of a capitalistic economic currents and individualistic. Financially, the system allows acquisition of Takaful (benefit) the better. Simultaneously, the spirit of solidarity was fostered through dues virtue (tabarru ') insurance participants.
Tabarru system 'and profit sharing (Mudharabah) specified in the operational pattern of Takaful requires transparency in the funding status and its management. Similarly, in terms of contribution of management fees, set aside a bit of a premium the first year alone, clearly defined and become part of the deal participants. Therefore, since the beginning of the participants have a clear premium disetorkannya components, namely tabarru '(dues kabajikan), savings (absolute rights of participants), and the contribution of management fees (30% first year premium). In addition, participants can see the progress from time to time the development of the policy cash value, namely the accumulation of savings and for the results. Therefore when the participant intends to resign in the agreement for any reason, the cash value that can be received can be calculated in value and clear the source (derived from savings and divide the result). Similarly, the claim dies received by the heirs of participants, consisting of insurance benefits or the benefits of virtue (sourced from tabarru-tabarru 'participants), the savings that have been deposited in the savings and profit sharing.
In terms of investment, in addition to consideration of profitability, business compliance with the provisions of sharia is a determinant of investment decisions. Therefore the role of the Sharia Supervisory Board to be very important in the dynamics of development of the Takaful business, things that are not found in conventional insurance.
Finally, it is not wrong to say that the operationalization of Takaful as described above and Sharia Supervisory Board's involvement in the whole chain of activities and products Takaful Takaful described the consistency as a system ta'awun (cooperative mutual assistance) which is based on the value- the Islamic sharia.
Insurance operations according to the pattern so, based on akadnya can be categorized as an exchange (raqad mu'awadhah), like buying and selling. Insurer (insurance company) guarantees or insurance coverage to the insured and to the insured (insurance participants) pay the premiums. Large pertangungan and premium as well as the treaty agreed to by both parties.
Exchange in this way in the view of Islam is flawed form of uncertainty or gharar, because resting on uncertain events. Dual-purpose products for example, participants are obliged to pay (repay) the premium if the participants live during the agreement to get the sum assured amount is determined. The uncertainty in this example is the amount of premiums paid, because payment of these premiums was based on life or death of a participant in the agreement. In contrast to term insurance products, the uncertainty lies in the amount of coverage that will be received by the insured.
Furthermore, transactions that contain this kind of uncertainty can be detrimental to either party, which is generally the most disadvantaged pesertalah. Parties to the participants or their heirs can receive the sum insured is greater or smaller than the premium paid or did not receive the sum assured at all. In other words, an insured is identical to chance, which in the terminology of Islamic jurisprudence called maysir. In other cases, if the participant stopped before the agreement ends, especially in the early period of the agreement, in general, participants did not get a refund of premiums paid (charred), or get a refund in the amount yag is very small compared to the premiums have been paid. Most of the premium funds received by the company then invested. In this regard, the contract does not require the exchange of clarity in the allocation of premium funds, because fund premiums have been paid by pesera, company-owned status.
Thus the company can invest the premium it anywhere and in any way, including in the areas of business that contains elements of immoral or prohibited by the Shari'a (usury, liquor, pornography, etc.). If the fund premiums and investment results into the source of the sum insured, then the participants who received the sum insured is unable to refrain from consuming usury funds or funds from any other immoral business.
Takaful
The noble teachings of Islam commands us to sympathize people who lost property, death of relatives, and other calamities. Such action is a form of awareness and solidarity (itsar), as well as mutual assistance (ta'awun) among citizens, both Muslims and non-Muslims. In this way a sense of brotherhood (ukhuwah) will be more robust. Those who are not afflicted with calamity stricken grief that drag on and not fall into despair, even to avoid the possibility of living in impoverished or lose the future. But the ways helpful and even then should be in line with sharia (QS 42: 13). Should not contain gharar (uncertainty), maysir (chancy), usury, and other things that are immoral. Premises other words, ta'awun be placed on the values of devotion to virtue, and not a violation of sharia law that could lead to conflict or hostility. This is as God's command in Surah Al-Maidah: 2: "Mutual help menolonglah you in righteousness and piety, and do not you guys mutual assistance to each other in sin and enmity"
Takaful is an alternative system, to be exact replacement, for patterns that apply to conventional insurance or contract of exchange systems that are not in line with Islamic Shari'a. In Islamic insurance system, each participant intends mutual assistance to each other by setting aside some funds as a contribution virtue (tabarru '). Funds were used to sympathize anyone among participants who experienced disaster insurance. So it's not in the form of an exchange contract dianatara two parties, but a mutual agreement for mutual assistance (takaafuli) among all participants.
All funds collected premiums for investments managed by the company, re-insurance, distribution of insurance benefits, and distribution of operating surplus. For all these management services, the company asked for contributions of participants whose number must be approved by the participants, as well as part of the operating surplus as agreed with the company's percentage of participants who nisbahnya set from the beginning.
Solidarity, Transparency, and Consistency
Takaful is a phenomenon unique phenomenon (al-ghuraba) in the middle of a capitalistic economic currents and individualistic. Financially, the system allows acquisition of Takaful (benefit) the better. Simultaneously, the spirit of solidarity was fostered through dues virtue (tabarru ') insurance participants.
Tabarru system 'and profit sharing (Mudharabah) specified in the operational pattern of Takaful requires transparency in the funding status and its management. Similarly, in terms of contribution of management fees, set aside a bit of a premium the first year alone, clearly defined and become part of the deal participants. Therefore, since the beginning of the participants have a clear premium disetorkannya components, namely tabarru '(dues kabajikan), savings (absolute rights of participants), and the contribution of management fees (30% first year premium). In addition, participants can see the progress from time to time the development of the policy cash value, namely the accumulation of savings and for the results. Therefore when the participant intends to resign in the agreement for any reason, the cash value that can be received can be calculated in value and clear the source (derived from savings and divide the result). Similarly, the claim dies received by the heirs of participants, consisting of insurance benefits or the benefits of virtue (sourced from tabarru-tabarru 'participants), the savings that have been deposited in the savings and profit sharing.
In terms of investment, in addition to consideration of profitability, business compliance with the provisions of sharia is a determinant of investment decisions. Therefore the role of the Sharia Supervisory Board to be very important in the dynamics of development of the Takaful business, things that are not found in conventional insurance.
Finally, it is not wrong to say that the operationalization of Takaful as described above and Sharia Supervisory Board's involvement in the whole chain of activities and products Takaful Takaful described the consistency as a system ta'awun (cooperative mutual assistance) which is based on the value- the Islamic sharia.
